Misa's Blog

References

tomeiter — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 04:04:13 +0000

Beck, Roger. The History of South Africa. 1st ed. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2000. Print.

Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com/.

“Xhosa.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 21 Oct 2009, 08:59 UTC. 23 Oct 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xhosa&oldid=321160745>.

language

miiiiisa — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:51:37 +0000

As it said that there are eleven national languages in South Africa. The major ones are English and Afrikaans, after those, we have Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Swazi, Tsunga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, and Zulu, and there are more languages used for each ethnic group. They used to use major ones before the election in 1994, but after that they added nine more black languages which are divided in to three groups. There is no problem to live there with English, because they always use English for life and business. They also have South African English, which mixes with British English and Afrikaans. Its pronunciation is like British English, but it has strong accent of Afrikaans. There are many special words or expressions such as robot for signaler, or lift for elevator.

Afrikaans is come from Dutch when they stayed in Cape Town. The signature of Afrikaans is reduction grammar and words as multisense word than Dutch language.

small history

miiiiisa — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:50:28 +0000

South African area was used to be San and Khoikhoi which are hunting cult’s habitation. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias who is Portuguese found the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1497, Vasco da Gama discovered KwaZulu-Natal Province. At the end of the 15th century, Portuguese as the first European came over. However they based Angola and Mozambique as trade, so they left the South Africa. In 1652, the Dutch East India Company made land in South Africa to build supply base. They developed a vegetable garden for the benefit of the Eastern trade route. They got on shore on Cape Town, and made the Cape Colony. Then immigrants from Holland despoiled the land from aboriginal and White people moved to back-country, living with cattle breeding and agriculture. (Greenwood, 2000) (http://100.yahoo.co.jp/detail/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD/)

The end of the 18^th century, England captured Cape Town by Napoleonic Wars, and in 1814, South Africa became British land officially. Africana who hated British control moved to inland empires, and set up Transvaal or Republic of Orange Free State, fighting with aboriginal. The end of the 19^th century, …..

(England occupied twice, because they were afraid that Cape Colony would be taken by France.)

flag

miiiiisa — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:47:44 +0000

The South African flag, which was established in 1994, acknowledges this diversity, and the laterally-facing Y is a symbol of the various races and ethnic groups in South Africa, with the hope that they will be integrated completely in the future. They use six colors which explain African traditional and history. They use red for blood streamed from past rivalry, blue for sky and sea, green for agriculture and nature which is necessary in South Africa, yellow for natural resources as gold, black for African American, and white for white people or peace. The flag of the African National Congress use three colors which are black, yellow, and green. It’s the Liberal Democratic Party of South Africa. It was used to be resistance group to apartheid-era. Their flag is sideways tricolor flag using those colors. Other three colors which are red, blue and white are used for the flag of England and Holland where former colonial power is. It’s called rainbow flag, because the president Mandela said that he imaged the South African flag being held together and beautiful country as rainbow.

(Nelson Mandela, Coleen Degnan-Veness, Andy Hopkins and Jocelyn Potter)

Nelson Mandela became a president of ANC in 1991 and 11^th South African president in 1994 after they had all-raced election for the first time. It was the day a new South Africa was born, which was end of apartheid. In the five years that President Mandela worked, there were many changes for black people and white people. His government was not for only black people. He was kept under restraint for more than 10,000 days as treason. He joined ANC in 1944, and started to protest anti-apartheid.

As the meaning of the flag’s colors tells you, South Africa is the first grade mineral product country in the world, and the best industrial country. According to the gross domestic product, they have high value as 20% of fabrication industry and 7% of mining industry. The percentage of finance and commerce are getting high after 1980s. (http://100.yahoo.co.jp/detail/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD/%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E3%83%BB%E7%94%A3%E6%A5%AD/

provinces

miiiiisa — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:45:56 +0000

There are nine provinces in South Africa. In order from the west, they are West Cape, South Cape, East Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, NorthWest, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, and Linpopo. They have three capitals in South Africa. The government of South Africa is composed of a legislative branch, an administrative branch, and a judiciary branch, each of which is independent of the others. The administrative capital city is Pretoria in Gauteng, the legislative one is Cape Town, and judicial one is Bloemfontein.

According to the Hyakkajiten (http://100.yahoo.co.jp/detail/%E5%8D%97%E3%82%A2%E3%83%95%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD/), Cape Town, often referred to as ‘the mother city’, is very popular for tourists, possibly because they have places such as gorgeous resort beaches, the Cape of Good Hope and Table Mountain. At night, night view from the signal hill is among the three best night view spots in the worlds. Also they have so many venerable buildings and museums that you can see valuable materials.

population

miiiiisa — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:44:58 +0000

South Africa is a multiethnic country, and according to the Statistical Bureau of South Africa (http://www.statssa.gov.za), the population was just over 44 million in 2001. Making up the largest number of South Africa is black African who came down to South over many years. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 79 percent black, 9.6 percent white divided British origin and Afrikaner, 8.9 percent mixed-race, and 2.5 percent Asian live there. According to the Iromono Metal (http://homepage1.nifty.com/hardrock/africa.htm), African includes nine family groups which are Zulu, Xhosa, Pedi, Sotho, Setswana, Thonga, Swazi, Venda, and Ndebele. The Zulu is the largest family group and takes over 22 percent of African. People of Dutch background is called Afrikaner or Boer, and they take over two third of white people. The descendent of African and Afrikaner are called colored, and the most of them live in Cape Provinces. Asian mostly Indian live in KwaZulu-Natal Provinces.

From 1948 to 1990s, South African government implemented a strict separate development called Apartheid. This politics was for assuming control non-white politically and socially.

Since 1652, the time when white people colonized to South Africa, the separate development has been part of South African social economy form. There are some reasons for that, but the biggest reason is that the way of thinking to race of white or culture. After 1980s to 1990s, government recognized to take off the Apartheid legally, but inequality still exists even now.

80 percent of them are Christian, and others are Hindu, Islam. There are few Jews and non religions.　(http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/s_africa/data.html) The population is concentrated in urban areas. The density of population is pretty low in central part where has many big farms or the southwest area where is semi desert area.

location

miiiiisa — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:42:48 +0000

South Africa is located at the extreme south of the African Continent, bordering on Namibia on the northwest side, Botswana and Zimbabwe on the north side, Mozambique and Swaziland on the northeast side, and Lesotho to the east. The country is largely made up of desert and grass land, and has an area of 122 million square kilometers, which is 3.2 times as large as Japan. According to the Iromono Metal (http://homepage1.nifty.com/hardrock/africa.htm), two third of South Africa is high elevation, the highest being in the south east, the mountain range named　Drakensberg. The high land is divided to three kinds of belts which are High belt, Bush belt, and Middle belt. The High belt makes up a large part of the high land with altitudes ranging from 1200 meters to 1800 meters. The North part of high land is rock site of Witwatersrand which has Johannesburg. The North of the high elevation is Bush belt which means Transvaal basin-shaped valley which goes down to Limpopo River in the East gently with altitudes ranging less than 1200 meters. The mountainous district creates the high elevation from the coast line, to the East, and to the South. In the South, The swart mountain range forms between Great Karroo basin-shaped valley on the inland side and the Little Karroo basin-shaped valley. Also the Lange mountain range forms between the Little Karroo basin-shaped valley and coastal plain, and there is Table Mountain with 1086 meters behind the Cape Town. In the South West coast there are many mountain ranges that go down to the coastal plain. However there is a Kgalagadi Desert in the North East side at a high elevation, and the Namib Desert in the East side. The Namib Desert has one of the 100 best views in the world. This high elevation has attracted many people, and has the highest density of people.　

Introduction

miiiiisa — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 21:41:31 +0000

Do you know what a ~ is? What about a ~? Or how about a robot? There are just a few of the words that are common in South African English, but are unknown to most English speakers. This paper will explain the background to some of these words by discussing South African culture and will also talk about the other languages of South African languages which are very interesting. In South Africa, there are eleven national languages, and nine of them are called black languages, while two other languages, English and Afrikaans, are European languages brought to South Africa by colonists.

The major ones are … After those, we have … and …